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100BaseT - A synonym for the Fast Ethernet network standard. The "100" refers to a maximum data-transfer rate of 100 megabits per second over twisted pair, copper wire.
10BaseT - A synonym for the Fast Ethernet network standard. The "10" refers to a maximum data-transfer rate of 10 megabits per second over twisted pair, copper wire.
10K - A grade level Box or Cover rating. See "Incidental Light Traffic".
1A - 1 Normally Open
1B - 1 Normally Closed
20A - A California ruling that has the investor owned utilities performing the under-grounding of electrical cables. The funds to perform the work are derived from rates and go into a sinking fund that is used at the discretion of the municipality the electric line is in.
20B - A California ruling that has the investor owned utilities performing the under-grounding of electric cables. The funds to perform this work are derived from a combination of rates and the developer of the land the line is on. This work is done at the discretion of the municipality the electric line is in.
20C - A California ruling that has the investor owned utilities performing the under-grounding of overhead electrical cables. The funds to perform this work are derived from the developer of the land the line is on.
20K - A grade level Box or Cover rating. See "Occasional Traffic".
2S1W - Two Speed, 1 Winding (motor).
2S2W - Two Speed, 2 Winding (motor).
600 Volt - Electrical systems, cables or service designed to be operated under 1000 Volts.
600V-UD - 600 Volt Underground Distribution Cable.
802.11 - 1. A set of IEEE standards for data transmission over wireless LANs. The specifications include 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g. All of the specifications include Ethernet protocol. 2. A specification for a wireless LAN that operates in the 2.4GHz range and provides a data transmission rate of 1Mbps or 2Mbps using spread spectrum technology.
802.11a - A specification for a wireless LAN that operates in the 5GHz frequency range and provides a data transmission rate of 54Mbps using spread spectrum technology.
802.11b - A specification for a wireless LAN that operates in the 2.4GHz range and provides a data transmission rate of 11Mbps using spread spectrum technology. This specification was known as Wi-Fi but the term now applies to 802a and 802g as well.
802.11g - A specification for a wireless LAN that operates in the 2.4GHz frequency range and provides a data transmission rate, over short distances, of 54Mbps using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology.
802.1x - A security standard for wired and wireless LANs.

A
A - 1) Amperes; Amps. 2) Area. For cables Area is expressed in Circular Mils.
A-H - Ampere-Hour
AA - 1) The Aluminum Association. 2) Refers to All Aluminum as in All Aluminum Conductor.
AAC - All Aluminum Conductor.
AASHTO - American Association of Safety Highway Traffic Officials
AC - Alternating Current.
ACB - Air Circuit Breaker
Access Point - A wireless networked device usually connected to a wireless LAN used to access the wired LAN.
Accuracy - The degree of uncertainity for which a measured value agrees the ideal value.
ACSR - Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced.
ACSR-TW - ACSR conductor made using Trapezoidal Wire construction.
ACSS - Aluminum Conductor Steel Supported. This is a conductor that is generally used for overhead transmission construction. ACSS is often preferred over ACSR because of its superior sag characteristics.
ACSS-TW - ACSS conductor made using Trapezoidal Wire construction.
Active Material (Battery) - Material which reacts chemically to produce electrical energy when the cell discharges. The material returns to its original state during the charging process.
Active Power - A term used for power when it is necessary to distinguish among Apparent Power, Complex Power and its components, and Active and Reactive Power.
Admittance - The reciprocal of Impedance (1/Z).
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Sunscriber Line. ADSL uses standard phone lines to provide high speed data communications. ADSL upstream speeds (from the user) normally top out at 128Kbps and downstream (to the user) at no more than 1.5Mbps. A separate phone line is not required for ADSL service.
AEIC - Association of Edison Illuminating Companies.
Aeolian Vibration - A natural forced vibration caused by wind flowing over a conductor. This occurs at alternate wind induced vortices and at wind speeds typically at 8 to 12 MPH. Contact Young & Company for additional information including the formula to calculate Aeolian Vibration.
Aerial Cable - An assembly of insulated conductors installed on a pole or similar overhead structures. It may be self supporting or attached to a messenger cable.
AFCI - Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter
AFD - Adjustable Frequency Drive
AFI - Arc Fault Interrupter
AIC - Arc Interrupting Current
Air Blast Breakers - A variety of high voltage circuit breakers that use a blast of compressed air to blow-out the arc when the contacts open. Normally, such breakers only were built for transmission class circuit breakers.
Al - The chemical symbol for aluminum.
Alarm - A signal for attracting attention to some abnormal event.
ALJ - Administrative Law Judge
Alley Arm - A side brace for a crossarm that is not loaded (balanced) evenly.
Alley Roadway (Lighting) - Narrow public ways within a block, generally used for vehicular access to the rear of abutting properties.
Alligator - A speciallized tool attached to a hot stick used to tie a wire or cable into an insulator.
Alloy - A metal formed by the combination of two or more metals.
Alternating Current - An electric current that reverses direction at regular intervals, having a magnitude that varies continuously in a sinusoidal manner.
Ambient Temperature - The temperature surrounding an object.
American Wire Gage (AWG) - A standard system used in the United States for designating the size of an electrical conductor based on a geometric progression between two conductor sizes.
AMF (Lighting) - Average Maintained Footcandles
Ampacity - The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under given conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
Ampere - The unit expressing the rate of flow of an electric current. One ampere is the current produced by a difference in potential of one volt across a resistance of one ohm; An electic current flowing at therate of one coulomb per second.
Ampere-Hour - The use of one Ampere for one hour.
Ampere-hour capacity (storage battery) - The number of ampere-hours that can be delivered under specified conditions of temperature, rate of discharge, and final voltage.
Ampere-hour meter - An electricity meter that measures and registers the integral, with respect to time, of the current of a circuit in which it is connected.
Anchor - A device that supports and holds in place conductors when they are terminated at a pole or structure. The anchor is buried and attached to the pole by way of guy wire to counteract the mechanical forces of these conductors.
Anneal - The process of controlled heating and cooling of a metal. In wire and cable products, copper and aluminum are annealed to increase flexibility while maintaining adequate strength.
Anode - 1) The positive electrode, that emits positive ions and attracts negative ions, within a voltaic cell or other such device. 2) The positive pole of a battery.
ANSI - American National Standards Institute. ANSI is located at 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018.
Antenna Gain - An antenna's transmission power, provided as a ratio of its output (send) signal strength to its input (recieve) signal strength, normally expressed in dBi. The higher the dBi, the stronger the antenna.
Apparent Power (volt-amps) - The product of the applied voltage and current in an ac circuit. Apparent power, or volt-amps, is not the true power of the circuit because the power factor is not considered in the calculation.
AR - Automatic Recloser.
Arc - A dischare of electricity through air or a gas.
Armor - An outer metal layer applied to a cable for mechaical protection. Armor is comprised of factory formed wire, designed to be applied to a range of conductor sizes. Preformed Line Products manufacturers Armor.
Armor Rod - An outer metal layer applied to a cable for mechaical protection. Armor Rods are comprised of factory formed wire, designed to be applied to a range of conductor sizes. Preformed Line Products manufacturers Armor Rods.
Arrester - Short for Surge Arrester, a device that limits surge voltage by diverting it.
Askeral - A generic term for a group of synthetic, fire-resistant, chlorinated aromatic hydorcarbons used as electrical insulated fluids.
ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM is located at 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.
ATC - Available Transfer Capacity
ATP - Alternative Transient Program
Automatic line sectionalizer - A self-contained circuit-opening device that automatically opens the main electrical circuit after sensing and responding to a predetermined number of successive main current impulses.
Automatic Recloser - An automatic switch used to open then reclose following an over current event on a distribution voltage (medium voltage) line.
Autotransformer - A transformer in which at least two windings have a common section. They are use to either "buck" or "boost" the incoming line voltage.
Auxiliary Power - The power required for correct operation of an electrical or electronic device, supplied via an external auxiliary power source rather than the line being measured.
Average Maintained Footcandles (Lighting) - (ILL x CU x LLF)/(PS x RW)
AWG - American Wire Gauge.

B
Baker Board - A platform used to work above the ground on a wood pole.
Balanced Load - Refers to an equal loading of the phases in a polyhphase system (current and phase angle).
Balanced polyphase system - A polyphase system in which both the currents and voltages are symmetrical.
Ballast - A device that by means of inductance, capacitance, or resistance, singly or in combination, limits the lamp current of a fluorescent or high intensity discharge lamp. It provides the necessary circuit conditions (voltage, current and wave form) for starting and operating the lamp.
Bandwidth - The data carrying capacity of of a transmission path, measured in bits or bytes per second.
Bank - A group of electrical devices, usually transformers or capacitors, connected in a way to increase capacity.
Basic impulse level (BIL) - A reference impulse (voltage) insulation strength expressed in terms of the peak value of the withstand voltage of a standard impulse voltage wave. It is used to express the ability of electrical equipment such as transformers to withstand certain levels of voltage impulses like lightning strokes.
Basic Insulation Level - A design voltage level for electrical apparatus that refers to a short duration (1.2 x 50 microsecond) crest voltage and is used to measure the ability of an insulation system to withstand high surge voltage.
Battery - A combination of two or more chemical cells connected together electronically to produce electrical energy.
Battery Tray - A contained with a base and walls for holding several cells or batteries.
Bay-O-Net - A fusing device frequently used to protect transformers and downstream devices. A Bay-O-Net fuse fuse may include a Partial Range Current Limiting Fuse in series with n under oil fuse link.
Beacon - In wireless networking, a beacon is a packet sent by a connected device to inform other devices of its presence and readiness.
Beam Spread - With regard to outdoor lightg, the angle between the two directions in a plane in which the intensity is equal to a stated percentage of the maximum beam intensity. The percentage is typically 10% for floodlights and 50% for roadway luminaires.
Belt - Refers to a lineman's climbing belt.
Bikeway (Lighting) - Any road, street, path or way that is specifically designated as being open to bicycle travel, regardless of whether such facilities are designed for the exclusive use of bicycles.
BIL - 1) See Basic Insulation Level. 2) See Basic Impulse Level.
Blackout - The complete interrupting of load to an electric utility customer or group of customers to reduce overall load on the system.
Blowing - The act of installing fiberoptic cable into a duct using air pressure.
Bluetooth - A wireless computing and telecommunications specification that defines how mobile personal computing devices work with each other and with regular computers and phone systems within a close range.
Bonding - The permanent joining of metallic parts to form an electrically conductive path that will ensure electrical continuity and the capacity to conduct any current to be present in a safe manner.
Boomer - A lineman that moves from job to job.
Boost Charge - A charge applied to a battery which is already near a state of full charge, usually of short duration.
Breakdown Voltage - The voltage at which a dielectric material fails.
Breaker - see "Circuit breaker".
Brownout - Refers to a reduction of voltage on the system. This effectively dims the lights. Systems in the eastern parts of the U.S. where networks are integrated use brownouts as a means of conserving energy.
Buck - The act of lowering the voltage.
Bucket - A basket or platform that supports one or more linemen attached to a boom of a truck.
Bucket Truck - An aerial lift truck used to lift men high enough to work on overhead lines.
Building Wire - Conductors and cables used in commercial building construction.
Bulb - The outer enclosure of a light source; usually glass or quartz.
Bulb Envelope Lighting) - The outer enclosure of a light source; usually glass or quartz.
Bull Line - Heavy line used to pull wire or cable into a conduit or into an overhead configuration.
Bull Wheel - A reel device used to hold tension during the wire installation process.
Bunched Stranding - A term applied to a number of wires twisted together in one direction in one operation without regard to their geometric arrangement.
Bundle - Multiple cables used to form one phase of an overhead circuit.
BURD - Buried Urban Residential Distibution.
Burden - Load imposed by an electronic or electrical device on the measured input circuit, expressed in volt-amps.
Buried Urban Residential Distibution - Refers to the system of electric utility equipment installed below grade.
Bus - A conductor, which may be a solid bar or pipe, normally made of aluminum or copper, used to connect one or more circuits to a common interface. An example would be the bus used to connect a substation transformer to the outgoing circuits.
Bushing - An insulator having a conductor through it, used to connect equipment to a power source.
Bushing Well - See Universal Bushing Well.

C
C - Centigrade or Celsius
C-Rate - Battery discharge current in amperes; numerically equal to rated capacity of a cell in ampere-hours.
C2H4 - Ethylene.
C2H6 - Ethane.
Cable - A term generally applied to the larger sizes of bare or weatherproofed (covered) and insulated conductors. It is also applied to describe a number of insulated conductors twisted or grouped together.
Cable Cleaner - A chemical compound used to clean dirt, residual insulation & semi con and other foreign material from an insulated cable during the termination process.
Cable Pulling Lubricant - A chemical compound used to reduce pulling tension by lubricating a cable when pulled into a duct or conduit.
Cable Sheath - The outermost covering of a cable providing overall protection
Cable Tray - A rigid structural system used to support cables and raceways. Types of cable trays include ladder, ventilated trough, ventilated channel, and solid bottom
CAIDI - A distribution circuit reliability average interruption duration index. It represents the average time required to restore service to the average customer per sustained interruptions.
CAIFI - The customer average interruption frequency index. It is designed to show trends in customers interrupted and helps to show the number of customers affected out of the whole customer base.
Cal-ISO - See California Independent System Operator.
Calibration - Adjustment of a device so the output is within a specified range for particular values of the input.
California Independent System Operator (Cal-ISO) - The FERC-regulated control area operator of the California transmission grid. Its responsibilities include providing nondiscriminatory access to the grid, managing congestion, maintaining the reliability and security of the grid, and providing billing and settlement services. Cal-ISO is based in Folsom, CA, near Sacramento, with a backup control site in Alhambra, CA.
California Power Exchange (CalPX) - Now defunct, this independent California agency was responsible for conducting an auction for the generators seeking to sell energy and for loads that are not otherwise being served by bilateral contracts. The CalPX was responsible for scheduling generation in its day-ahead and hour-ahead markets, for determining hourly market-clearing prices, and for settlement and billing for suppliers and utility distribution companies (UDCs) using the PX's market. The PX was based in Alhambra, CA.
California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) - Headquartered in San Francisco, the CPUC regulates telecommunications, electric, natural gas, water, railroad, rail transit and passenger transportation companies. The CPUC is chartered by the State of California to assure consumers have safe, reliable utility service at reasonable rates. It is also charged with protecting consumers from fraud and promoting the health of California's economy. The governor appoints five commissioners, who must be confirmed by the Senate, for six-year staggered terms. The governor appoints one of the five to serve as commission president.
Can - Slang for an overhead transformer.
Candela (cd) - The standard unit for luminous intensity. One candela is equal to one lumen per steradian.
Candlepower - Luminous intensity expressed in candelas.
Candlepower Distribution Curve - A curve, generally polar, representing the variation of luminous intensity of a lamp or luminaire in a plane through the light center.
Capacitance - 1) The ratio of an impressed charge on a conductor to the corresponding change in potential. 2)The ratio of the charge on either conductor of a capacitor to the potential difference between the conductors. 3) The property of being able to collect a charge of electricity.
Capacitor - An electrical device having Capacitance.
Capacitor bank - An assembly of capacitors and all necessary accessories, such as switching equipment, protective equipment, controls, etc., required for a complete operating installation.
Capacity (Battery) - The quantity of electricity delivered by a battery under specific conditions, usually expressed in ampere-hours.
Cat 5 Cable - See "Category 5 Cable"
Category 5 Cable - Also known as "Cat 5", this cable is used for fast ethernet and telephone communications. The cable is constructed of 4 twisted pair of copper wire.
Cathode - 1) The negative electrode, that emits electrons or gives off negative ions and toward which positive ions move or collect in a voltaic cell or other such device. 2) The negative pole of a battery.
CB - Circuit Breaker
CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access. CMDA is a technique used mainly with personal communications devices such as mobile phones that digitizes the conversation and tags it with a special frequency code. The data is then scattered across the frequency band. The receiving device is instructed to decipher only the data corresponding to a particular code to reconstruct the signal.
Cell (Battery) - An electrochemical device composed of positive and negative plates, separator, and electrolyte which is capable of storing electrical energy.
Cell Voltage (Battery) - See "Nominal Voltage (Battery)".
Cell-Reversal (Battery) - Reversing of polarity within a cell od a multi-cell battery due to over discharge.
CH2H2 - Acetylene
CH4 - Methane.
Charge (Battery) - The conversion of electrcal energy from an external source, into chemical energy within a cell or battery.
Charge Rate (Battery) - The rate at which current is applied to a secondary cell or battery to restore its capacity.
Charge-Retention (Battery) - The tendency of a charges cell or battery to resist self-discharge.
Cherry Picker - An aerial lift truck. Also see Bucket Truck.
Chlorinated Polyethylene - Chlorinated Polyethylene. CPE, a thermoplastic compound, is used to jacket certain types of power cable.
Choker - A Sling.
Circuit - A conductive path over which an electric charge may flow.
Circuit Breaker - A device that can be used to manually open or close a circuit, and to automatically open a circuit at a predetermined level of overcurrent without damage to itself.
Circuit Voltage - The greatest root-mean-square (effective) difference of potential between any two conductors of the circuit.
Circular-Mil (cmil) - The area of a circle with a diameter of one mil (1/1000 inch), used to describe the cross-sectional area of a conductor. One cmil equals approximately 0.0000008 square inches.
Clearing Time - The total time needed for a protective device such as a fuse or circuit breaker to clear a fault.
CLF - Refer to "Current Limiting Fuse".
Client - As part of a computer network, where a server is employed, this is the customer or non-server side. When you log onto a server, from another computer, the word "Client" refers to you, your computer or your software.
Climbers - Hooks for climbing poles that are attached to a lineman's boots.
CO - Carbon Monoxide.
Coax Cable - See "Coaxial Cable".
Coaxial Cable - Also known as "Coax", this cable is typically used to connect TV to its video source. Coaxial Cable consists of a small copper wire or tube, surronded by an insulating material and another conductor with a larger diameter, normally copper braid or a conductive tube. The cable is jacketed for mechanical and electrical protection.
Coefficient of Utilization (CU) - The percentage of light generated within a luninaire which ultimately strikes the work surface. It is usually expressed as a decimal percentage.
Coffin Hoist - A chain hoist of any type.
Coil Loss - Power loss in a transformer due to the flow of current. These losses are present only when the transformer is serving a load. Load losses vary by the square of the current magnitude. Load losses are composed of losses due to the current flow through the resistance of the conductors as well as eddy losses in the windings and stray losses due to current flow through other components.
Cold - Refers to non-energized equipment, lines or circuits.
Collector Roadway (Lighting) - The distributor and collector roadways servicing traffic between major and local roadways. These are roadways used mainly for traffic movements within residential, commercial and industrial areas.
Combination Unilay - A stranding comfiguration that uses two strand sizes to achieve a 3% reduction in the conductor diameter without conpression
Come-a-long - A wire grip for holding a conductor or strand under tension.
Commercial (Lighting) - A business area of a municipality where there are ordinarily many pedestrians during night hours. The definition applies to densely developed business area outside, as well as within, the central part of a municipality. The area contains land use attracting a relatively heavy volume of nighttime vehicular and/or pedestrian traffic on a frequent basis.
Compact Stranding - A stranding configuration with concentric strands in which each layer is passed through a compacting die to reduce the conductor diameter by approximately 10%
Competition Transition Charge (CTC) - A charge itemized on customer bills to recover costs associated with investor owned utility investments in generation-related assets and state-mandated contracts with nonutility generators that may now be uneconomic and unrecoverable in the restructured electric utility industry.
Compliance Voltage - The specified maximum voltage that a transducer (or other device) current output must be able to supply while maintaining a specified accuracy.
Compound - An insulating or jacketing material made by mixing two or more ingredients
Compressed - A stranding configuration with concentric strands in which either all layers or the outer layer only is passed through a die to reduce the conductor diameter by 3%
Compression Splice - A compression connector used to join two conductors. There are different designs used for overhead and underground conductors. For overhead conductors, there are different designs for limited and full tension applications.
Concentric Stranding - A stranding configuration in which individual wires are stranded concentrically with no reduction in overall diameter. Typically used for bare conductors
Conduct - The ability of two conductors separated by a dielectric to store electricity when a potential difference exists between the conductors.
Conductivity - The capability of a conductor to carry electricity, usually expressed as a percent of the conductivity of a same sized conductor of soft copper
Conductor - 1) A wire or combination of wires suitable for carrying an electrical current. Conductors may be insulated or bare. 2) Any material that allows electrons to flow through it.
Conductor Loss - See "Coil Loss".
Conductor Shield - A semiconducting material, normally cross-linked polyethyene, applied over the conductor to provide a smooth and compatible interface between the conductor and insulation. This smooth semiconducting shield is at the same potential as the conductor resulting in dielectric field lines that are not distorted.
Conduit - A channel for holding and protecting conductors and cables, made of metal or an insulating material, usually circular in cross section like a pipe. Also referred to as Duct.
Conduit Fill - Volumetric measurement of the duct space occupied by the cables inside, expressed as a percent.
Connector - A conductive coupling device used to connect conductors together.
Constant Current Charge - Charging technique where the output current of the charge source is held cunstant.
Constant Potential Charge - Charging technique where the output voltage of the charge source is held constant and the current is limited only by the resistance of the battery.
Continuity Test - A test performed on a conductor to determine if it is unbroken throughout its length
Continuous - See Continuous Rating.
Continuous Load - An electrical load in which the maximum current is expected to continue for three hours or more
Continuous Rating - The constant voltage or current that a device is capable of sustaining. This is a design parameter of the device.
Coordination - Relating to the protection of the power system, the process of coordinating the fuse, breakers and reclosers of a system so to allow the down stream devices to operate first.
Copolymer - Chains of unlike molecules that are chemically bonded together
Core Loss - Power loss in a transformer due to excitation of the magnetic circuit (core). No load losses are present at all times when the transformer has voltage applied. No load losses vary based on the applied voltage, and are essentially constant whether the transformer is supplying a load or not.
Corona - See Corona Discharge.
Corona Discharge - An electrical discharge at the surface of a conductor accompanied by the ionization of the surronding atmosphere. It is normally accompanied by light and audible noise.
Coulomb - A unit of electric charge in SI units (International System of Units). A Coulomb is the quantity of electric charge that passes any crossection of a conductor in one second when the current is maintained constant at one ampere.
Counter EMF - Voltage or cell or battery opposing the voltage of the charging source.
Cover - Top surface section of the handhole for closing the top access opening of the box section.
CPE - Chlorinated Polyethylene. CPE is a thermoplastic compound that is used to jacket certain types of power cable.
CPUC - See California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC).
Creepage Distance - The shortest distance between two conductors as measured along the device that separates them. Creepage Distance is normally a design parameter of insulators or insulating bushings.
Crest - See Crest Value.
Crest Value - The maximum value of a wave form. This is normally associated with electrical fault magnitude or transients.
Cross-Linked Polyethylene (XLPE) - A Common thermoset insulation material for building wire and cable Polyethylene made from petroleum and natural gas. It undergoes a crosslinking chemical reaction during a curing process that causes the compound molecules to bond, forming heavier molecules with desired physical and chemical properties.
CSA - Canadian Standards Association. CSA is located at 178 Rexdale Blvd, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9W 1R3.
CSP - Completely Self-Protected transformer.
CST - Customer Subsurface Transformer.
CT - See "Current Transformer".
CTC - See Competition Transition Charge.
Cu - The chemical symbol for copper.
CU (Lighting) - Coefficient of Utilization
Current - 1) The movement of electrons in a conductor measured in Amperes. 2) Also see Ampere.
Current Limiting Fuse - A fuse designed to operate at the current zero crossing. Also see "Zero Crossing".
Current Transformer - A transformer used measure the amount of current flowing in a circuit. Its primary winding is rated in excess of the expected current of the circuit and the secondary will normally be rated at 5 amps being equal to the nominal full primary current.
Current Transformer Ratio - 1) The ratio of primary amps divided by secondary amps. 2) The current ratio provided by the windings of the CT. For example, a CT that is rated to carry 200 Amps in the primary and 5 Amps in the secondary, would have a CT ratio of 200 to 5 or 40:1.
Cut Off Voltage - Battery Voltage reached at the termination of a discharge. Also Known as the End Point Voltage (EPV).
Cutoff (Lighting)&nbs